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Regeneration of Fe

Ruizhuang ZHAO, Ju SHANGGUAN, Yanru LOU, Jin SONG, Jie MI, Huiling FAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 423-428 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0503-z

摘要： Regeneration of a high-temperature coal gas desulfurization sorbent is a key technology in its industrial applications. A Fe O -based high-temperature coal gas desulfurizer was prepared using red mud from steel factory. The influences of regeneration temperature, space velocity and regeneration gas concentration in SO atmosphere on regeneration performances of the desulfurization sorbent were tested in a fixed bed reactor. The changes of phase and the composition of the Fe O -based high-temperature coal gas desulfurization sorbent before and after regeneration were examined by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and the changes of pore structure were characterized by the mercury intrusion method. The results show that the major products are Fe O and elemental sulfur; the influences of regeneration temperature, space velocity and SO concentration in inlet on regeneration performances and the changes of pore structure of the desulfurization sorbent before and after regeneration are visible. The desulfurization sorbent cannot be regenerated at 500°C in SO atmosphere. Within the range of 600°C – 800°C, the time of regeneration becomes shorter, and the regeneration conversion increases as the temperature rises. The time of regeneration also becomes shorter, and the elemental sulfur content of tail gas increases as the SO concentration in inlet is increased. The increase in space velocity enhances the reactive course; the best VSP is 6000 h for regeneration conversion. At 800°C, 20 vol-% SO and 6000 h , the regeneration conversion can reach nearly to 90%.

关键词： high-temperature coal gas Fe₂O₃ desulfurization sorbent SO₂ atmosphere regeneration behaviors sulfur recovery

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Preparation and selection of Fe-Cu sorbent for COS removal in syngas

Bowu CHENG, Zhaofei CAO, Yong BAI, Dexiang ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 441-444 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0507-8

摘要： A series of iron-based sorbents prepared with iron trioxide hydrate, cupric oxide by a novel method was studied in a fixed-bed reactor for COS removal from syngas at moderate temperature. In addition, the sorbents mixed with various additives in different ratios were tested. The effects of additive type and ratio on the breakthrough capacity and desulfurization performance, as well as the influence of operating conditions on sulfidation behavior of the sorbent, were investigated. The simulate gas contained 1% COS, 5% CO , 20%–30% CO and 60%–70% H . The outlet gases from the fixed-bed reactor were automatically analyzed by on-line mass spectrometry, and the COS concentration before breakthrough can be kept steady at 1 ppmv. The result shows that the breakthrough sulfur capacity of the sorbent is as high as 25 g-S/100 g. At 700 K and space velocity of 1000 h , the efficiency of sulfur removal and breakthrough sulfur capacity of the sorbent increase with the increase of copper oxide with an optimum value. The result shows that the species and content of additives also affect desulfurization performance of the sorbent.

关键词： sorbent desulfurization COS removal syngas

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New nanostructured sorbents for desulfurization of natural gas

Lifeng WANG, Ralph T. YANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 8-19 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1411-4

摘要： Desulfurization of natural gas is achieved commercially by absorption with liquid amine solutions. Adsorption technology could potentially replace the solvent extraction process, particularly for the emerging shale gas wells with production rates that are generally lower than that from the large conventional reservoirs, if a superior adsorbent (sorbent) is developed. In this review, we focus our discussion on three types of sorbents: metal-oxide based sorbents, Cu/Ag-based and other commercial sorbents, and amine-grafted silicas. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are analyzed. Possible approaches for future developments to further improve these sorbents are suggested, particularly for the most promising amine-grafted silicas.

关键词： desulfurization natural gas desulfurization hydrogen sulfide sorbent amine-silica sorbent

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铝电解用Fe-Ni-Co-Al₂O₃金属陶瓷惰性阳极

邱竹贤,石忠宁,徐君莉

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第8期页码 35-39

摘要：

研制了一种新型铝电解金属陶瓷惰性阳极，阳极基体由Fe-Ni-CoAl₂O₃构成。在石墨坩埚中，960℃温度下，电解质中的氧化铝质量分数为6.0%，摩尔比为2.6；阳极电流密度为1.0 A/cm²，阳极尺寸大小为120 mm×80 mm×15 mm，石墨阴极尺寸大小为120 mm×40 mm×20 mm，通入的直流电为100～300 A，电解时间各为10 h；实验所得的电解铝产品纯度达到98%以上，杂质主要为Fe阳极的反电动势为2.45 V，比理论分解电压仅高出0.25 V证明该阳极为惰性阳极，在电解槽中进行的是Al₂O₃的分解反应。

关键词：铝电解惰性阳极反电动势

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Pd/Fe3O4 supported on bio-waste derived cellulosic-carbon as a nanocatalyst for C–C coupling and electrocatalytic

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1514-1525 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2158-y

摘要： The current work describes the synthesis of a new bio-waste derived cellulosic-carbon supported-palladium nanoparticles enriched magnetic nanocatalyst (Pd/Fe₃O₄@C) using a simple multi-step process under aerobic conditions. Under mild reaction conditions, the Pd/Fe₃O₄@C magnetic nanocatalyst demonstrated excellent catalytic activity in the Hiyama cross-coupling reaction for a variety of substrates. Also, the Pd/Fe₃O₄@C magnetic nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity up to five recycles without significant catalytic activity loss in the Hiyama cross-coupling reaction. Also, we explored the use of Pd/Fe₃O₄@C magnetic nanocatalyst as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Interestingly, the Pd/Fe₃O₄@C magnetic nanocatalyst exhibited better electrochemical activity compared to bare carbon and magnetite (Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles) with an overpotential of 293 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^–2.

关键词： bio-waste cellulosic-carbon Pd/Fe₃O₄ Hiyama cross-coupling hydrogen evolution reaction recyclability

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Preparation and property characterization of PAA/Fe3O4 nanocomposite

WEI Shanshan, ZHANG Yi, XU Jiarui

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 233-237 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0042-4

摘要： PAA/FeO nanocomposites were prepared by mixing nano-FeOvent. The materials were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), dynamic ultra-micro hardness tester (DUMHT) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Results showed that PAA coordinated with nano-FeO to form a cross-linking structure. The presence of nano-FeO enhanced the thermal stability of the nanocomposite. The elasticity and hardness of the nanocomposite increased, and the indentation depth reduced with the increase of FeO content in the composites. The nanocomposites showed superparamagnetic properties at 300 K.

关键词： magnetometer superparamagnetic ultra-micro thermogravimetry transmission

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Piezocatalytic performance of FeO−BiMoO catalyst for dye degradation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期页码 716-725 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2265-9

摘要： A Fe₂O₃−Bi₂MoO₆ heterojunction was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultra-violet−visible near-infrared spectrometry were performed to measure the structures, morphologies and optical properties of the as-prepared samples. The various factors that affected the piezocatalytic property of composite catalyst were studied. The highest rhodamine B degradation rate of 96.6% was attained on the 3% Fe₂O₃−Bi₂MoO₆ composite catalyst under 60 min of ultrasonic vibration. The good piezocatalytic activity was ascribed to the formation of a hierarchical flower-shaped microsphere structure and the heterostructure between Fe₂O₃ and Bi₂MoO₆, which effectively separated the ultrasound-induced electron–hole pairs and suppressed their recombination. Furthermore, a potential piezoelectric catalytic dye degradation mechanism of the Fe₂O₃−Bi₂MoO₆ catalyst was proposed based on the band potential and quenching effect of radical scavengers. The results demonstrated the potential of using Fe₂O₃−Bi₂MoO₆ nanocomposites in piezocatalytic applications.

关键词： piezocatalysis Fe₂O₃−Bi₂MoO₆ dye decomposition ultrasonic vibration

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Covering α-Fe

Jing Gu, Hongtao Yu, Xie Quan, Shuo Chen

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0957-z

摘要： The spontaneous oxidation process of pristine silicon (Si) limits its application as photocatalyst or electrode in aqueous solution or moist air. Covering a protection layer on Si surface is an effective approach to overcome this disadvantage. In this paper, α-Fe O is demonstrated to be an excellent alternative as a protection material. α-Fe O layer was deposited around each p-type Si micropillar (SiMP) in well-ordered array by chemical bath deposition method. The diameter of SiMP was 5 mm and the thickness of α-Fe O layer was about 20 nm. The photoeletrochemical stability of SiMP/α-Fe O was proved by 10 circles cyclic voltammetry testing. Compared with SiMP, its optical absorption and photocurrent density improved 2 times and 4 times, respectively, and its onset potential for hydrogen evolution moved positively about 0.4 V. These improved performances could be ascribed to the enhanced photogenerated-charge-separation efficiency deriving from built-in electric field at the interface between Si and α-Fe O . The above results show an effective strategy to utilize Si material as photocatalyst or electrode in aqueous solution or moist air.

关键词： Si α-Fe₂O₃ Photoelectrochemistry Photogenerated charge separation

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A thermodynamic study of the removal of HCl and H

Joseph LEE, Bo FENG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 67-83 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1162-4

摘要： Advanced integrated-gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) and integrated-gasification fuel cell (IFGC) systems require high-temperature sorbents that are capable of removing hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide from coal derived gases to very low levels. HCl and H S are highly reactive, corrosive, and toxic gases that must be removed to meet stringent environmental regulations, to protect power generation equipment and to control the emissions of contaminants. The thermodynamic behavior of 13 sorbents for the removal of HCl and H S under various conditions including: initial toxic gas concentration (1–10000 ppm), operating pressure (0.1–11 Mpa), temperature (300 K–1500 K), and the presence of H O were investigated. The correlation between HCl and H S was also examined. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out for the reactions of the 13 sorbents using a FactSage 5.2 software package based on free energy minimization. The sorbents, Na CO , NaHCO , K CO , and CaO are capable of completely removing chlorine at high temperatures (up to ~1240 K) and at high pressures. Water vapor did not have any significant effects on the dechlorination capability of the sorbents. Nine of the sorbents namely; Cu O, Na CO , NaHCO , K CO , CaO, ZnO, MnO, FeO, and PbO, were determined to have great potential as desulfurization sorbents. Cu O and ZnO had the best performance in terms of the optimum operating temperature. The addition of water vapor to the reactant gas produces a slightly detrimental effect on most of the sorbents, but FeO exhibited the worst performance with a reduction in the maximum operating temperature of about 428 K. The dechlorination performance of the alkali sorbents was not affected by the presence of H S in the reactions. However, the desulfurization capability of some sorbents was greatly affected by the presence of HCl. Particularly, the performance of Cu O was significantly reduced when HCl was present, but the performance of FeO improved remarkably. The thermodynamic results gathered are valuable for the developments of better sorbents.

关键词： syngas cleaning sorbent desulfurization dechlorination

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Rh₂O₃/hexagonal CePO₄ nanocatalysts for N₂O decomposition

Huan Liu, Zhen Ma

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 586-593 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1659-6

摘要： Hexagonal CePO nanorods were prepared by a precipitation method and hexagonal CePO nanowires were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 150 °C. Rh(NO ) was then used as a precursor for the impregnation of Rh O onto these CePO materials. The Rh O supported on the CePO nanowires was much more active for the catalytic decomposition of N O than the Rh O supported on CePO nanorods. The stability of both catalysts as a function of time on stream was studied and the influence of the co-feed (CO , O , H O or O /H O) on the N O decomposition was also investigated. The samples were characterized by N adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, oxygen temperature-programmed desorption, and CO temperature-programmed desorption in order to correlate the physicochemical and catalytic properties.

关键词： Rh₂O₃ CePO₄ N₂O decomposition

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Biomimetic Macrophage–Fe3O4@PLGA Particle-Triggered Intelligent Catalysis for Killing Multidrug-Resistant

Jieni Fu,Xiangmei Liu,Zhaoyang Li,Yufeng Zheng,Yu Zhang,Hui Jiang,Yanqin Liang,Shengli Zhu,Zhenduo Cui,Shuilin Wu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.022

摘要： Infections with multidrug-resistant (MRD) Gram-negative bacteria, such as MRD Escherichia coli (E. coli), remain a challenge due to the lack of safe antibiotics and high fatality rates under anti-infection therapies. This work presents a form of biomimetic intelligent catalysis inspired by the selective biocatalytic property of macrophages, consisting of an intelligent controlling center (a living macrophage, MΦ) and a Fenton reaction catalyst (Fe₃O₄@poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles) for killing MDR E. coli without harming normal cells. The MΦ–Fe₃O₄@PLGA particles (i.e., the intelligent catalysis particles) exhibit selective biocatalysis activity toward MDR E. coli by producing H₂O₂ and lipid droplets (LDs). This process activates the lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism pathways based on the result of RNA sequencing data analysis. The H₂O₂ further reacts with Fe₃O₄@PLGA to form highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH), while the LDs contain antimicrobial peptides and can target MDR E. coli. The highly toxic •OH and antimicrobial peptides are shown to combat with MDR E. coli, such that the antibacterial efficiency of the MΦ–Fe₃O₄@PLGA particles against MDR E. coli is 99.29% ± 0.31% in vitro. More importantly, after several passages, the intelligent catalysis function of the MΦ–Fe₃O₄@PLGA particles is well maintained. Hence, the concept of biomimetic intelligent catalysts displays potential for treating diseases other than infections.

关键词： Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli Macrophage–Fe3O4@PLGA particles Biomimetic intelligent catalysis

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Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of chlorobenzene on mineral -FeO particulates: a chamber experiment study

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1734-9

摘要：

● Photochemical conversion of chlorobenzene (CB) on α-Fe₂O₃ was evaluated.

关键词： Photochemical conversion Chlorobenzene α-Fe₂O₃ PCDD/Fs Mineral particulate

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Chemical reactions of oily sludge catalyzed by iron oxide under supercritical water gasification condition

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 886-896 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2125-z

摘要： Supercritical water gasification is a promising technology in dealing with the degradation of hazardous waste, such as oily sludge, accompanied by the production of fuel gases. To evaluate the mechanism of Fe₂O₃ catalyst and the migration pathways of heteroatoms and to investigate the systems during the process, reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations are adopted. In terms of the catalytic mechanisms of Fe₂O₃, the surface lattice oxygen is consumed by small carbon fragments to produce CO and CO₂, improving the catalytic performance of the cluster due to more unsaturated coordination Fe sites exposed. Lattice oxygen combines with •H radicals to form water molecules, improving the catalytic performance. Furthermore, the pathway of asphaltene degradation was revealed at an atomic level, as well as products. Moreover, the adsorption of hydroxyl radical on the S atom caused breakage of the two C–S bonds in turn, forming •HSO intermediate, so that the organic S element was fixed into the inorganic liquid phase. The heteroatom O was removed under the effects of supercritical water. Heavy metal particles presented in the oily sludge, such as iron in association with Fe₂O₃ catalyst, helped accelerate the degradation of asphaltenes.

关键词： oily sludge SCWG ReaxFF Fe₂O₃ heteroatoms

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Synthesis of magnetic Pb/Fe

Hualiang AN, Xinqiang ZHAO, Zhiguang JIA, Changcheng WU, Yanji WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 215-218 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0055-2

摘要： To facilitate the recovery of Pb/SiO catalyst, magnetic Pb/Fe O /SiO samples were prepared separately by emulsification, sol-gel and incipient impregnation methods. The catalyst samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction and N adsorption-desorption, and their catalytic activity was investigated in the reaction for synthesizing propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-propylene glycol. When the gelatin was applied in the preparation of Fe O at 60°C and the pH value was controlled at 4 in the preparation of Fe O /SiO , the Pb/Fe O /SiO sample shows good catalytic activity and magnetism. Under the reaction conditions of a reaction temperature of 180°C, reaction time of 2 h, catalyst percentage of 1.7 wt-% and a molar ratio of urea to PG of 1∶4, the yield of propylene carbonate attained was 87.7%.

关键词： Pb/Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ magnetic particle urea 1 2-propylene glycol propylene carbonate